SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN UKRAINE: IMPACT OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18664/btie.94.361549Ключові слова:
demographic crisis, railway transport enterprises, personnel, management, digitalization, personnel risks, economic valueАнотація
The article examines the systemic impact of the demographic crisis in Ukraine on the functioning and strategic stability of railway transport enterprises. It is proven that demographic deformations have transformed into a determining macroeconomic factor, which determines a deep structural restructuring of the labor potential of the industry. It is established that in the conditions of a full-scale war in 2022–2026, demographic shifts have taken on the character of a multiplicative shock, which significantly exacerbated the shortage of human capital and necessitated the need for a radical revision of traditional models of economic value creation.
The key manifestations of demographic shifts have been identified and the main threats to the railway industry have been systematized, in particular: reduced availability of personnel, difficulty in staffing, deterioration of the age structure of personnel, risk of loss of experience, lack of innovative potential and digital competencies, imbalance in the provision of personnel to individual units. It has been established that under the conditions of a reduction in the number of employees by 65 thousand people during 2020–2025, the extensive management model, focused on the use of cheap labor, has lost its effectiveness. It is substantiated that the demographic crisis is not only a limiting factor, but also a driver of the technological transformation of the industry. It is argued that overcoming the personnel shortage requires accelerated digitalization, automation of production processes and comprehensive modernization of the personnel management system. It is concluded that to develop human capital, digital competencies, inclusiveness and organizational adaptability of personnel, railway transport enterprises need to implement a new model of supporting economic value, in which the intellectualization of business processes and the effective use of human potential will become key factors in the resilience of enterprises in the industry to demographic challenges.
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